• Galanin was shown to play an important

  2021-12-23

  

  Galanin was shown to play an important role in pain and pain processing [14] and the involvement of neuropeptides in the development of migraine is well established [[24], [25], [26]], however, so far it has not been examined whether systemic galanin levels correlate with migraine. Therefore, we use

• Despite their undisputed importance however FPR receptors ar

  2021-12-22

  

  Despite their undisputed importance, however, FPR receptors are not in the limelight of GPCR-related research (for review [12] and references therein). We, therefore, draw attention to this GPCR receptor family, in order to re-initiate FPR-related research, particularly in the light of biased agonis

• Fibroblast growth factor receptors FGFRs play

  2021-12-22

  

  Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play an essential role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation. FGFRs are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) exhibiting an extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domai

• Further our data demonstrate a role for mitochondrial AIF in

  2021-12-22

  

  Further, our data demonstrate a role for mitochondrial AIF in oxidative cell death induced by RSL3. We found that AIF knockdown using siRNA completely protected the Ketoprofen against RSL3 induced oxidative stress. Similar to other pathways of caspase-independent programmed cell death, mitochondria

• MMV s distinct mode of inhibition addresses key impediments

  2021-12-22

  

  MMV019313's distinct mode of inhibition addresses key impediments in the development of PfFPPS/GGPPS inhibitors as antimalarial drugs. First, it is the first non-bisphosphonate inhibitor of Plasmodium FPPS/GGPPS with drug-like physicochemical properties satisfying the “Rule of 5” (Van Voorhis et al.

• Recently some published studies showed that HBV

  2021-12-22

  

  Recently, some published studies showed that HBV can induce autophagy in vitro and vivo [[19], [20], [21]]. The critical role of autophagy in HBV normal life cycle, such as HBV envelopment, has been gradually accepted by researchers from different laboratories [22,23]. HBV can trigger the autophagic

• Furthermore colistin induced mitochondrial dysfunction

  2021-12-22

  

  Furthermore, colistin induced mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse central nervous system and chicken neurons, axonal degeneration and demyelization of mice sciatic nerves [16,17,19]. Interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction is a key determinant of neurodegeneration [20,21]. Also, it accumulates amino

• The GPR receptor is also emerging as an important therapeuti

  2021-12-22

  

  The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also

• Recently a receptor for nicotinic acid named GPR

  2021-12-22

  

  Recently, a receptor for nicotinic acid, named GPR109A (also known as HM74a in man or PUMA-G in the mouse) has been identified (Lorenzen et al., 2001, Lorenzen et al., 2002, Soga et al., 2003, Tunaru et al., 2003, Wise et al., 2003). This receptor, a member of the 7 transmembrane G-protein coupled f

• br Specificity of CD T

  2021-12-22

  

  Specificity of CD4 T cells and their role in flavivirus neutralizing antibody responses CD4 T cells recognize peptides that are proteolytically processed from protein antigens and presented by MHC class II molecules on the surface of specialized antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells o

• The fact that KNDy neurons activity is

  2021-12-22

  

  The fact that KNDy neurons activity is sensitive for circulating hormones related with control of toll like receptor homeostasis was demonstrated in other studies (Cejudo Roman et al., 2012; Navarro et al., 2011). It is well documented that leptin plays an important role in the regulation of the go

• Although the overall structures of mGlu and mGlu

  2021-12-22

  

  Although the overall structures of mGlu2 and mGlu3 VFTs are highly similar, two major differences can be observed: (i) the number of functional Cl− binding sites, one in mGlu2 versus two in mGlu3 receptors and (ii) the loop 7 in lobe 2 is longer in mGlu3 than in the mGlu2 receptor. These two particu

• bace inhibitors br Ligand binding free energies In

  2021-12-22

  

  Ligand-binding free energies In order to compute the absolute free bace inhibitors associated with binding a ligand to a flexible iGluR LBD, a theory that accounts for all the principal thermodynamic contributions from ligand docking and LBD closure had to be developed. This was accomplished usi

• br Cell origin The ontogeny

  2021-12-22

  

  Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp

• We speculated modulation of redox balance in brain by

  2021-12-22

  

  We speculated modulation of redox balance in brain, by activation of GIP receptor pathway. QA is known to mediate production of ROS, lipid peroxidation by its interactions with Fe2+ and formation of QA-Fe2+ complex (Braidy et al., 2010, Rios and Santamaria, 1991, Stipek et al., 1997). QA induces NO

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