• A large number of studies have shown that

  2024-09-24

  

  A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiological process of ventricular remodeling and is associated with left ventricular dysfunction (Hori and Nishida, 2009, Lord et al., 2010). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds anti-oxidat

• ASK belongs to the family of MAPKKK ASK

  2024-09-24

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc

• The elevated levels of intracellular

  2024-09-24

  

  The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as reduced glutathione (GSH) are normally oberserved is various tumor angiotensin receptor blocker which confers the chemoresistant to chemotherapy [59]. Therefore, the induction of oxidative stress via elevation of intracellular ROS and dimunit

• caspase 3 Gene regulation of MMPs is influenced by the trans

  2024-09-24

  

  Gene regulation of MMPs is influenced by the transcription factor activating factor-1 (AP-1). AP-1 complexes are heterodimers of proteins of the two proto-oncogene families (jun and fos) and have caspase 3 in the promoter region of MMPs, as well as in genes mediating inflammatory responses. The tran

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natu

  2024-09-24

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21376172, 21528601 and 21621004) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin from Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Contract No. 16JCZDJC32300). Introduction Alzheimer’s disease

• Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase DPP

  2024-09-24

  

  Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft

• br Acknowledgments The authors thank

  2024-09-24

  

  Acknowledgments The authors thank Claudia Wittrock for her excellent technical assistance. The work was supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB974 TP B05) and of the Anton-Betz-Stiftung to N.K. A.M. is an associate member of the iBrain graduate school at the University of

• Recently Kamoshita et al evaluated a

  2024-09-24

  

  Recently, Kamoshita et al. (2016) evaluated a mouse model of retinal neuronal disturbance with the intraperitoneal injection of LPS and found that treatment with AICAR suppressed the reduction of conical function and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α as well as improved mRNA levels of the mitochondrial

• The first identified auxiliary subunit stargazin is

  2024-09-24

  

  The first identified auxiliary subunit, stargazin, is essential for AMPAR function in cerebellar granule neurons (Hashimoto et al., 1999). Subsequently, a family of six transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) were defined that modify channel trafficking, gating, and pharmacology (Kato and Br

• Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates

  2024-09-24

  

  Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow

• br Conflicts of interest br Funding br Introduction Brassica

  2024-09-24

  

  Conflicts of interest Funding Introduction Brassicaceae is an economically important family of plants containing rapeseed, cabbage, broccoli, brussels, radish and mustard. Among them rapeseed plays a crucial role, because of its application in food and also in fuel industry. According to th

• In human epidermoid carcinoma A cells lipoxygenase was

  2024-09-24

  

  In human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, 12-lipoxygenase was significantly increased in glutathione-depleted cells. The relative abundance of phospholipid hydroperoxide versus glutathione peroxidase seems to play an important role in controlling the lipoxygenase reaction [57]. It has been proposed

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2024-09-24

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Intracellular metabolic pathways of sugar, such as glycolysis and TCA cycle, provide material and energy for the synthesis of other substances, including amino acids. Thus, the content of sugars and their metabolic pathways are important for amino 88

• 3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dATP synthesis br Results br

  2024-09-24

  

  Results Discussion Many tumor 3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dATP synthesis rely on EAAs to provide fundamental building blocks for macromolecular biosynthesis because they cannot synthesize EAAs de novo (Hattori et al., 2017; Sheen et al., 2011). Therefore, they must use highly effective transporte

• Anisomycin Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical

  2024-09-23

  

  Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools used in the study of biomolecular structures, including those of proteins. UV–Vis Anisomycin spectroscopy makes use of absorption property of the protein peptide backbone at around 218 nm, and aromatic amino acid residues primarily at around 2

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