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A structural explanation for how RBR RING s handle their
2019-11-01
A structural explanation for how RBR RING1s handle their bound E2~Ubs differently from canonical RINGs has not been readily apparent. Only a few residue positions are strongly conserved in RING and RING1 domains, most of which are zinc-coordinating Cys and histidine residues. A key position in canon
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AMD3100 8HCl br Concluding remark br Acknowledgements br Det
2019-11-01
Concluding remark Acknowledgements Detection and repair of the numerous, and potentially lethal, DNA lesions arising in human AMD3100 8HCl daily is largely mediated by an efficient system collectively termed the DNA-damage response (DDR). Paradoxically, DNA-repair processes within cancer ce
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br Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase DGK is a lipid
2019-11-01
Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a lipid-metabolizing enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to produce phosphatidic NVP-LAQ824 (PA) [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. DG and PA act as lipid second messengers in a wide variety of biological processes. Ten DGK isozymes (α, β, γ, δ, η, κ, ε,
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Torin 2 In this review focusing on
2019-11-01
In this review, focusing on biocatalyst “formate dehydrogenase FDH” catalyzing both of the formic Torin 2 oxidation to CO2 and the CO2 reduction to formic acid, representative examples of properties, types, structure of active-site of FDH and, reaction mechanism of formic acid oxidation and CO2 red
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br Cytokine profile in MPN Results from experimental investi
2019-11-01
Cytokine profile in MPN: Results from experimental investigation Cytokines are small molecules constituted by proteins or glycoproteins, which regulate the immune cell function and the immune system. They are secreted mainly by immune ESI-09 but also by other cells such as epithelial cells in re
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In conclusion adipose PGD suppressed the lipolysis
2019-11-01
In conclusion, adipose PGD2 suppressed the lipolysis by decreasing the intracellular cAMP level through DP2R. Therefore, PGD2 enhanced adipocyte differentiation (lipid accumulation) through both repression of the lipolysis via DP2R and activation of the lipogenesis via PPARγ. Thus, L-PGDS and DP2R a
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Kshirsagar et al previously reported an association between
2019-11-01
Kshirsagar et al. previously reported an association between CHK2thr68 expression and the presence of the chromatin remodeling factor Rsf-1 in solid HGSC specimens [22]. Rsf-1 expression was previously analyzed in our effusion series and was found to be related to poor survival [23]. Analysis of the
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Several CHK inhibitors have been
2019-11-01
Several CHK-1 inhibitors have been reported in the literature. Of these, UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine) is a potent inhibitor of CHK-1 (=5.6nM), , and has modest selectivity among other kinases. UCN-01 is currently in clinical trials. Other CHK-1 inhibitors reported in the literature include indaz
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Natural progestogens play an important
2019-11-01
Natural progestogens play an important role in the stimulation of oocyte growth and maturation as well as in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, and they act as sex pheromones in teleost fish (Kime, 1990, Kobayashi et al., 2002, Nagahama and Yamashita, 2008, Scott et al., 2010). A complex series o
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Our knowledge of DDR induced signaling
2019-11-01
Our knowledge of DDR-induced signaling pathways is still fragmentary. In particular, we do not know which signaling effectors interact with the phosphorylated receptors and how different effectors are linked to the control of specific cellular functions. The DDRs are at the interface between RTKs an
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The causes of POD are complex and
2019-10-31
The causes of POD are complex, and not entirely clear. Androsova et al, believed that the main molecular mechanism of POD is a central cholinergic deficiency caused by deregulation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways leading to increased inflammation. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Ischemic retinopathy is
2019-10-31
Acknowledgements Introduction Ischemic retinopathy is common to the major causes of blindness, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity. The hypoxia that follows retinal capillary obliteration drives deregulated growth of new blood vessels
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Prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP is a
2019-10-31
Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) is a transmembrane G-coupled protein receptor activated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). EP4 activation exerts anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue by dampening the levels of inflammatory chemokines [12]. In the mouse, EP4 deficiency aggravates fragmentatio
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OxLDL down regulates eNOS and up
2019-10-31
OxLDL down-regulates eNOS and up-regulates iNOS, thereby augmenting the formation of NO and protein S-nitrosylation in human endothelial Alverine Citrate [26]. Importantly, iNOS-mediated S-nitrosylation plays an increasingly significant role in cardiovascular diseases [34]. For example, iNOS-mediat
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We can think of two ways in which collagen binding
2019-10-31
We can think of two ways in which collagen binding could activate DDR (Figure 8). A single collagen triple helix could interact with both DS domains in the DDR dimer (“composite binding site”) and thereby activate the receptor, similar to the situation exemplified by the growth hormone-growth hormon
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